A reference of the three types of professional writing

Perseus Project, The - detailed searchable library of texts, translations, art and archaeology of Ancient Greece and Rome. Peterson's Guide to Colleges - information on undergraduate and graduate education in the US Physics Classroom, The - Learn basic physics concepts and review them in the Physics Tutorial. Check Your Understanding quizzes let you know you got it. Topics range from basic addition to algebra terminology.

The role of a librarian is continually evolving to meet social and technological needs. A modern librarian may deal with provision and maintenance of information in many formats, including: A librarian may also provide other information services, including: Appreciation for librarians is often included by authors and scholars in the acknowledgment sections of books.

History[ edit ] The ancient world[ edit ] The Sumerians were the first to train clerks to keep records of accounts. The extent of their specific duties is unknown.

Ashurbanipal was the first individual in history to introduce librarianship as a profession. Most notably, Callimachus created what is considered to be the first subject catalogue of the library holdings, called the pinakes.

The pinakes contained scrolls arranged into ten subject classes; each class was then subdivided, listing authors alphabetically by titles. Many of these aristocrats, such as Cicerokept the contents of their private libraries to themselves, only boasting of the enormity of his collection.

Others, such as Lucullustook on the role of lending librarian by sharing scrolls in their collection. While scholars were employed in librarian roles in the various emperors' libraries, there was no specific office or role that qualified an individual to be a librarian.

For example, Pompeius Macer, the first librarian of Augustus' library, was a praetoran office that combined both military and judicial duties. A later librarian of the same library was Gaius Julius Hyginusa grammarian.

It is during this time that the first codex book as opposed to scroll enters popularity: Within the monasteries, the role of librarian was often filled by an overseer of the scriptorium where monks would copy out books cover to cover.

A monk named Anastasias who took on the title of Bibliothecarius literally "librarian" following his successful translations of the Greek classicists. Later in the period, individuals known as librarius began more formal cataloguing, inventory, and classification.

At the same time royalty, nobles and jurists began to establish libraries of their own as status symbols.

King Charles V of France began his own library, and he kept his collection as a bibliophile, an attribute that is closely connected to librarians of this time. During this period, great private libraries were developed in Europe by figures such as Petrarch and Boccaccio.

These libraries were sponsored by popes, royals, and nobility who sent agents throughout Western Europe to locate manuscripts in deteriorating monastic libraries. As a result, Renaissance libraries were filled with a wealth of texts.

Librarians were needed to plan and organize libraries to meet public needs. He also contributed to the idea of organization and administration of libraries which led to the development of library collections. It was also in part thanks to Naude that some libraries began to lend books outside of the precincts of the library.

He wrote two letters to Samuel Hartlib concerning the duties of a professional librarian, which were published in as "The Reformed Librarie-Keeper". He held that librarians should not only care for the books, but should also be well educated and accomplished to raise the standards of librarianship.

Furthermore, he advocated that librarians deserve a living wage in order to use their energy to perform their duties to the fullest extent.

He is credited as including science texts in addition to conventional literature within library collections. He is credited as creating the first functional library of modern times.

With the approach of Bibliotheca Universalis, libraries changed; the content of libraries became less selective, to include literature of entertainment as well as academic value. At this time, libraries also became fully open to the public, with access no longer restricted to a small circle of readers.

Out of this action came the implementation of the concept of modern library service: Positions and duties[ edit ] Specific duties vary depending on the size and type of library. Olivia Crosby described librarians as "Information experts in the information age".

Archivists can be specialized librarians who deal with archival materials, such as manuscripts, documents and records, though this varies from country to country, and there are other routes to the archival profession.

Collection development or acquisitions librarians monitor the selection of books and electronic resources. Librarians can then see those books when they arrive and decide if they will become part of the collection or not.

All collections librarians also have a certain amount of funding to allow them to purchase books and materials that don't arrive via approval. Electronic resources librarians manage the databases that libraries license from third-party vendors. School librarians work in school libraries and perform duties as teachers, information technology specialists, and advocates for literacy.

Instruction librarians teach information literacy skills in face-to-face classes or through the creation of online learning objects.These abbreviations are used for reference purposes, so understanding the order of the initials is important to the reader of the letter; there may be one, two or three sets of initials.

The signer of the letters’ initials is placed first, in all capital letters, followed by either a slash mark (/) or a colon (:). Providing educators and students access to the highest quality practices and resources in reading and language arts instruction.

In the preceding program, because the period of the loan was called NYEARS (and not simply YEARS) it automatically became an integer, while all the other variables were of real type..

DO Loops. Although the annual repayments on a home loan are usually fixed, the outstanding balance does not decline linearly with time.

The Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University houses writing resources and instructional material, and we provide these as a free service of the Writing Lab at Purdue. Professional references list sample PDF is a template for pasting professional reference while applying for the interview.

Take a printout and fill out professional references. Add your supervisors, colleagues, and professors details in the blank fields. Transactional writing is writing that is part of a chain of written communication intended to communicate, persuade or inform. Often transactional writing takes the form of letters or emails and is part of a written conversation.

Other types of transactional writing include grant proposals and job.